• The UK Civil Service faces a defining moment. Decades of fragmented pay structures, seniority-driven promotions, and inadequate performance management have left the service ill-equipped for mission-led government and the demands of public sector renewal.
• This report sets out evidence-based recommendations for a coherent, fair and highperforming HR system fit for a rewired state. It draws on comparative international evidence, recent Cabinet Office strategy, Senior Salaries Review Body (SSRB) data, and academic research on public sector leadership and governance.

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